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扎伊采夫(Zaitsev,也译作查依采夫等)规则1875年由A.M.扎伊采夫提出。在醇脱水或卤代烷脱卤化氢中,如分子中含有不同的β—H时,则在生成的产物中双键主要位于烷基取代基较多的位置,即含H较少β碳提供氢原子,生成取代较多的稳定烯烃。亦可描述成:在β-消去反应中主要产物为双键上烷基取代基最多的烯烃(或最稳定的烯烃)。还是要特别强调,这并不是一个绝对的规则,只是相对来说“更容易”向规律描述的“方向”反应,规律描述生成的有机物在总体上占绝大多数而已。
通常,单分子消除反应(E1反应)服从扎伊采夫规则。在双分子消除反应(E2反应)中,当碱的强度和体积增大时,反扎伊采夫规则(anti-Zaitsev rule)(Hoffman规则)的产物逐渐增加。
反应实例
参考文献
1. Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev (sometimes spelled as Saytseff, 1841–1910), like Markovnikov, was also a protégé of Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828–1882). But unlike Markovnikov’s lack of tact and inability to compromise with administrators, Zaitsev was a skilled politician. He held the position of chair at Kazan’ University for over four decades and educated a generation of organic chemistry.
2. Brown, H. C.; Wheeler, O. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 2199–2210.
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5. Larsen, N. W.; Pedersen, T. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 1994, 166, 372–382.
6. Reinecke, M. G.; Smith, W. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 541.
7. Guan, H.-P.; Ksebati, M. B.; Kern, E. R.; Zemlicka, J. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 5177–5184.
8. Guan, H.-P.; Ksebati, M. B.; Kern, E. R.; Zemlicka, J. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 5177-5184.
9. Hagen, T. J. Zaitsev Elimination, In Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations; Li, J. J., Ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp 414
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