自发现并成功分离石墨烯以来,使用有机化学方法制备可调谐且高导电的二维聚合物(2DPs)一直存在巨大的挑战。高表面积和明确的孔径使2DPs在不同的领域得到广泛的应用,包括传感器,电子设备,催化,能量存储和能量转换。该类材料具有可以使电子离域的单双键交替的共轭结构,同时具有较高的载流子迁移率和明显的半导体行为,类似于石墨烯具有金属性质,是用于光电子学的有前景的材料。实验室扩展所面临的挑战阻止了不同类型的2DP进入实际应用。大规模合成这类具有可调谐性的高品质薄膜的分子化合物将推动设计功能的人造材料的发展。近日,美国芝加哥大学的Jiwoong Park报道了一种大规模合成单层二维卟啉聚合物薄膜的界面合成技术----层流组装聚合法(LAP)。
该方法通过在戊烷/水界面处生长出晶圆级别均匀的二维卟啉聚合物单层薄膜。卟啉单体的层流组装聚合可以由具有Cu2+连接体的金属有机骨架(MOF)或者具有对苯二甲醛连接体的共价有机骨架(COF)的单层结构形成。这些2D薄膜的晶格结构和光学性质都可由分子单体和聚合反应实现可控。同时该方法可使不同的反应物分子通过配位或形成共价键,进而发生聚合反应,可控性强,可大面积合成,且反应条件温和。这些特点为使用单层2D聚合物和2D原子晶体制备超晶格奠定基础。
以该方法合成的2D聚合物还可与MoS2等2D材料组成混合超晶格阵列,这种均匀的超晶格异质结构可用于制造均匀阵列的器件,如电容器等。该方法可大面积制备高质量的单层有机二维材料并利用其与无机二维材料结合,组装新的范德华异质结构,极大地丰富了二维材料的化学多样性和功能性,为合成新型杂化范德华异质结构提供了一种新的方法。。
该成果以“Wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer two-dimensional porphyrin polymers for hybrid superlattices”为题于2019年12月13日在线发表在国际期刊Science。
图4 2D聚合物/过渡金属硫化物超晶格结构及性能表征
Wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer two-dimensional porphyrin polymers for hybrid superlattices
(Science,2019,DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9385)https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6471/1379
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